强调句型It+be动词+被强调部分+that/who-分句，可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语、补足语等句子成分。如对Tom bought an expensive dictionary in the bookstore last week 一句的中主语、宾语、状语可以分别强调如下：

   It was Tom that/who bought an expensive dictionary in the bookstore last week.（强调主语Tom）

 It was an expensive dictionary that Tom bought in the bookstore last week.(强调宾语an expensive dictionary)

   It was in the bookstore that Tom bought an expensive dictionary last week.(强调地点状语in the bookstore)

   It was last week that Tom bought an expensive dictionary in the bookstore.(强调时间状语last week)

由于该句型形式变化多样，且容易和其它句型相混淆，因此其命题思路宽广，在高考中出现频率较高，考生也容易迷惑不清。分析近两年全国各地高考试卷中与强调句相关试题，强调句的命题思路可以归纳为如下三种：陈述式命题；疑问式命题；对比式命题。为了帮助同学们系统掌握强调句型，提高解题能力，本文从命题的角度分类解析，链接相关基础知识，并附有巩固练习和讲解，以期对同学们有所裨益。

一. 陈述式命题

   即直接以强调句的陈述句形式呈现考题，被强调部分是确定的内容，要求考生选择that/who。

考题回放

1. It was after he got what he had desired ______ he realized it was not so important.

A. that      B. when       C. since       D. as       ( NMET2006辽宁卷)

分析：被强调部分是一个时间状语从句（after he got what he had desired）， 由连词after引导，what he had desired是动词got的宾语从句。答案：A。

基础知识链接

   这类考题实际上需要我们掌握强调句的基本结构和识别该句型。被强调部分如果是sb.，可以选择who,也可以选择that。但是在强调句的特殊疑问句中，如果对sb.提问，为了避免和特殊疑问词who重复，需要使用that。如：Who was it that directed the film Curse of the Golden Flower? （是谁导演了影片《满城尽带黄金甲》） 句中的that 不能使用who。还有一点值得我们注意，命题人为了增加试题难度，经常把被强调部分设置为一个比较长的从句。

二. 疑问式命题

   即试题以强调句的疑问式呈现，被强调部分是一个未知内容。命题者从疑问句的角度去考查考生对强调句的识别能力，增加了试题的难度。如：

考题回放

I just wonder ______ that makes him so excited.

A. why it does  B. what he does  C. how it is  D. what it is ( NMET2006 山东卷)

分析：浏览全句可以得知本句要表达的意思为“我只是想知道是什么让他如此激动。”从句子结构看，句中的that暗示了强调句，但是放在了wonder后面作宾语。另外，该强调句为一个特殊疑问句。解答本题可以逆向推导。先假设被强调内容为X，写出陈述句：It is X that makes him so excited. 然后对被强调内容X进行提问，得出：What is it that makes him so excited? 由于 what is it that makes him so excited被用作wonder宾语，即用作宾语从句，这时要把语序改为陈述式语序what it is that makes him so excited。很明显答案为D。

基础知识链接：

    疑问式的强调句型在日常交际中是一个比较常见的句型，用来表达讲话人不知道动作的对象或执行者、时间、地点、方式、原因等，有“到底是……”之义。

解答这类题可以使用“两步法”逆向推导。第一步：假设。即根据句意假设被强调内容为X，写出陈述句；第二步：提问。即对被强调内容X进行提问，根据句义确定特殊疑问词（what/who/whom/when/why/where/how等），答案即可推出。

三. 对比式命题

   即把强调句型和名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句进行混合，考查我们的辨析能力。

1.与名词性从句对比：

   考题回放

______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to stronger, more prosperous economy.

A. As     B. That      C. This    D. It               ( NMET2006 浙江卷)

分析：本题不难解答，但考生容易把此句误当成强调句型而蒙对了答案D。实际上题干中that引导的是主语从句，it是形式主语，整句意思是“我们认为健康医疗的改善将会使经济更加强盛繁荣。”

2.与状语从句对比：

考题回放

--- How long do you think it will be ______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

--- Perhaps two or three years.

A. when    B. until    C. that    D. before            ( NMET 2006福建卷)

分析：本题貌似考查it 强调句型，而实际上是考查句型“It will be + 段的时间+before引导状语从句”。答句Perhaps two or three years是一个省略句，其完整句子是I think perhaps it will be two or three years before China sends a manned spaceship to the moon(我想也许两三年以后中国才会发送载人飞船到月球)。答案：D。如果选择that，答句应该改为Perhaps two or three years later。

 3.与定语从句对比

   有时被强调部分含有一个定语从句，我们易把定语从句中关系副词和强调句中的that混淆，值得同学们注意。如：

It was in the school ________ Mr. Smith taught that we studied.

 A. where     B. that    C. when    D. what         (答案：A)

分析：被强调部分是 in the school where Mr. Smith taught（在史密斯老师工作的学校），其中where Mr. Smith taught是定语从句修饰限制school。强调结构中的that在题干后面。

另外要注意强调句中that部分在特定的上下文语境中可以省略。如：

---When did you come back yesterday?

---It was last night ______ you fell asleep.

A. that   B. when    C. what     D. while

本题容易误选A。问句问的是“你昨天什么时候回来的？而It was last night that you fell asleep意思是“你是在昨天晚上睡着的。”明显答非所问。答句应为“我是在昨天晚上你睡着的时候回来的。”即It was last night when you fell asleep that I came back.（when 引导定语从句）。答句中省略了that I came back。

基础知识链接：

此类试题综合性很强，要求我们能够熟练掌握强调句型的基本特征：对句子中的主语、宾语、状语等强调。所以在解题时首先从分析句子结构和成分入手，然后考虑句子含义，两者结合才能确定答案。

巩固训练

1. ______ he was fourteen_______ the homeless boy started earning a living for himself.

A. It was when… which                B. It was when… that

C. It was when…when                 D. It was that… that

2. It is in Nanjing  ______ you’re going to pay a visit to______ this kind of washing machine is produced.

A. / ; that     B. where ; which     C. / ; where     D. that ; which

3. ---Who is making so much noise in the garden?

--- _______ the children.

A. There are      B. They are      C. That is      D. It is

4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say?

A. What is it that                      B. What it is that

C. How is it that                       D. How it is that    

5. It is what you do rather than what you say _____ matters.

A. that       B. what       C. which       D. this      

6. It was          back home after the experiment. 

A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn’t go

C．not until midnight that he went D．until midnight when he didn’t go

7. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _______ that prevents her from being as happy as before.  

A. it is how    B. how it is     C. it is what     D. what it is

8. ---Why was ______ she put off going abroad for further education?

---Because of her baby.

A. that        B. it           C. what         D. it that   

9. It is not yet pretty well understood _______ made the rainforest disappear year by year.

A. that        B. which       C. what         D. how

10. ---Was it there _______you were away to see your friend off?

--- I’m not sure. But when I got back, it was gone.

A. while       B. that         C. which        D. where

答案解析：

1. B。本句表达的意思是“这个无家可归的男孩是在当他十四岁的时候开始谋生的。”被强调部分是状语从句when he was fourteen。

2. A。被强调部分是地点状语in Nanjing，但是后面紧接着一个定语从句，先行词Nanjing作为pay a visit to 的宾语，所以应该填关系代词that/which，也可以省略。本题既考查了定语从句的关系代词，又考查了强调句中的连接词。

3. D。本题考查了一定语境中强调句的省略，补充完整后的答句应该是：It is the children that/who are making so much noise in the garden。本题容易误选B，把B代入原句得到：They are the children is making so much noise in the garden. 很明显是个错句。

4. A。可以采用两步法来解题。第一步假设：It is X that you want me to say. 第二步提问：What is it that you want me to say? （你是让我说什么啊？）很明显答案为A。

5. A。被强调部分是主语， 只不过该主语是一个主语从句what you do rather than what you say（你所做的而不是你所说的）。

6. C。本题是对not…until句型中的时间状语until midnight进行强调，这时需要把时间状语和 not 连放在一起强调，主句不用倒装，因此选择C。如果选择A，句子应该改为 Not until midnight did he come back home after experiment.

7. D。本题考查的是强调句的疑问式。第一步假设：It is X that prevents her from being as happy as before. 第二步提问：What is it that prevents her from being as happy as before? (句子缺少主语，所以用特殊疑问词what) 又由于该强调句放在Could you please tell me后面作宾语，需要改为陈述句语序，很明显答案为D。

8. D．根据答句可以得知问句的意思是“是什么原因她取消出国学习？”被强调部分是原因状语，用“两步法”可以很容易推出答案。

9. C。命题人从对比的角度出题，我们容易误选A，如果把该句当成强调句，很明显缺少了主语，而not yet pretty well understood不能作主语。What 引导的是主语从句，在主语从句中作主语，句首it 是形式主语。

10. A。句中的it指代对话双方都知道的某物，根据答句可以判断问句表达的意思是“当你给朋友送行的时候它在那儿吗？”所以后面是一个状语从句，while在本句中可以用when 代替。